验证签名

任何知道你端点 URL 的人都可以向它发送请求。在信任载荷之前，请务必验证签名。

签名的工作原理

每次投递都带有：

webhook-id:        0192e1c4-0000-7000-8000-0000000000cc
webhook-timestamp: 1761228131
webhook-signature: v1,K5oZfzN0mYI+Hx3Yb0v8j3H5kq2tqZ2dA8s0r6sF9Vw=

签名是对 "{webhook-id}.{webhook-timestamp}.{raw body}" 计算的 base64 HMAC-SHA256，密钥为密钥字符串解码后的字节：取你的 signing_secret，去掉 whsec_ 前缀，再对其余部分做 base64 解码。请拒绝时间戳与你本机时钟相差超过 5 分钟的请求，以防止重放。

警告

请针对收到的原始请求体进行验证，不要做任何改动。如果框架先解析再重新序列化 JSON，签名将无法匹配。

Node.js

SpacePost SDK 使用 WebCrypto 验证，并返回解析后的事件。如果签名或时间戳无效，它会抛出异常。

webhook-handler.ts

import { SpacePost } from "@spacepost/node";

const spacepost = new SpacePost(process.env.SPACEPOST_API_KEY);

/** Works as a Bun, Deno, Cloudflare Workers or Next.js route handler. */
export async function POST(request: Request): Promise<Response> {
  const payload = await request.text(); // the RAW body: do not parse it first

  try {
    const event = await spacepost.webhooks.verify({
      payload,
      headers: request.headers,
      secret: process.env.SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET!,
    });

    switch (event.type) {
      case "email.bounced":
      case "email.complained":
        console.warn("Stop mailing", event.data.to);
        break;
      case "email.delivered":
        console.log("Delivered", event.data.email_id);
        break;
    }
    return new Response("ok");
  } catch {
    return new Response("invalid signature", { status: 400 });
  }
}

标头可以是 Headers 对象或普通对象（例如 Express 的 req.headers）。使用 Express 时，请在 Webhook 路由上挂载 express.raw({ type: "application/json" })，使 req.body 为 Buffer。

使用 standardwebhooks 包：

import { Webhook } from "standardwebhooks";

const wh = new Webhook(process.env.SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET!); // "whsec_..." is accepted
const event = wh.verify(rawBody, {
  "webhook-id": req.headers["webhook-id"] as string,
  "webhook-timestamp": req.headers["webhook-timestamp"] as string,
  "webhook-signature": req.headers["webhook-signature"] as string,
});

使用 svix（或 resend 包的验证器）：请使用 svix-* 标头，SpacePost 同样会发送它们。

import { Webhook } from "svix";

const wh = new Webhook(process.env.SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET!);
const event = wh.verify(rawBody, {
  "svix-id": req.headers["svix-id"] as string,
  "svix-timestamp": req.headers["svix-timestamp"] as string,
  "svix-signature": req.headers["svix-signature"] as string,
});

Python

pip install standardwebhooks

import os
from flask import Flask, request
from standardwebhooks.webhooks import Webhook, WebhookVerificationError

app = Flask(__name__)
wh = Webhook(os.environ["SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET"])  # "whsec_..." is accepted

@app.post("/webhooks/spacepost")
def spacepost_webhook():
    try:
        event = wh.verify(request.get_data(as_text=True), dict(request.headers))
    except WebhookVerificationError:
        return "invalid signature", 400
    print(event["type"], event["data"]["email_id"])
    return "", 200

不使用库：

import base64, hashlib, hmac, time

def verify(secret: str, headers: dict, body: bytes, tolerance: int = 300) -> bool:
    msg_id = headers["webhook-id"]
    ts = headers["webhook-timestamp"]
    if abs(time.time() - int(ts)) > tolerance:
        return False
    key = base64.b64decode(secret.removeprefix("whsec_"))
    signed = f"{msg_id}.{ts}.".encode() + body
    expected = base64.b64encode(hmac.new(key, signed, hashlib.sha256).digest()).decode()
    return any(hmac.compare_digest(s.split(",", 1)[1], expected)
               for s in headers["webhook-signature"].split() if s.startswith("v1,"))

Go

package main

import (
  "crypto/hmac"
  "crypto/sha256"
  "encoding/base64"
  "fmt"
  "io"
  "math"
  "net/http"
  "os"
  "strconv"
  "strings"
  "time"
)

func verify(secret string, h http.Header, body []byte) bool {
  id := h.Get("webhook-id")
  ts := h.Get("webhook-timestamp")
  n, err := strconv.ParseInt(ts, 10, 64)
  if err != nil || math.Abs(float64(time.Now().Unix()-n)) > 300 {
    return false
  }
  key, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimPrefix(secret, "whsec_"))
  if err != nil {
    return false
  }
  mac := hmac.New(sha256.New, key)
  mac.Write([]byte(id + "." + ts + "."))
  mac.Write(body)
  expected := base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(mac.Sum(nil))
  for _, s := range strings.Fields(h.Get("webhook-signature")) {
    if v, ok := strings.CutPrefix(s, "v1,"); ok && hmac.Equal([]byte(v), []byte(expected)) {
      return true
    }
  }
  return false
}

func main() {
  http.HandleFunc("/webhooks/spacepost", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
    body, _ := io.ReadAll(r.Body)
    if !verify(os.Getenv("SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET"), r.Header, body) {
      http.Error(w, "invalid signature", http.StatusBadRequest)
      return
    }
    fmt.Println("event:", string(body))
    w.WriteHeader(http.StatusOK)
  })
  http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}

或者使用官方库：go get github.com/standard-webhooks/standard-webhooks/libraries/go，然后调用 wh, _ := standardwebhooks.NewWebhook(secret); err := wh.Verify(body, r.Header)。

PHP

<?php
function verify_spacepost_webhook(string $secret, array $headers, string $body, int $tolerance = 300): bool {
    $headers = array_change_key_case($headers, CASE_LOWER);
    $id = $headers['webhook-id'] ?? '';
    $ts = $headers['webhook-timestamp'] ?? '';
    if (!ctype_digit($ts) || abs(time() - (int) $ts) > $tolerance) {
        return false;
    }
    $key = base64_decode(preg_replace('/^whsec_/', '', $secret));
    $expected = base64_encode(hash_hmac('sha256', "$id.$ts.$body", $key, true));
    foreach (explode(' ', $headers['webhook-signature'] ?? '') as $sig) {
        if (str_starts_with($sig, 'v1,') && hash_equals($expected, substr($sig, 3))) {
            return true;
        }
    }
    return false;
}

$body = file_get_contents('php://input');
if (!verify_spacepost_webhook(getenv('SPACEPOST_WEBHOOK_SECRET'), getallheaders(), $body)) {
    http_response_code(400);
    exit('invalid signature');
}
$event = json_decode($body, true);
error_log($event['type'] . ' ' . $event['data']['email_id']);
http_response_code(200);

使用 Resend SDK 的验证器

官方 resend 包的 Webhook 验证使用相同的 Standard Webhooks 标头，因此可以配合你的 SpacePost signing_secret 使用。

轮换密钥

每个 Webhook 的 signing_secret 是固定的。如需轮换，请用相同的端点创建一个新的 Webhook，让你的处理程序改为接受新密钥（切换期间两个都尝试），然后删除旧的 Webhook。

本地测试

把隧道 URL 注册为端点，然后向 delivered@test.spacepost.dev 发送一封邮件。参见测试。